一、Python的起源
Python是一种高级编程语言,由Guido van Rossum于1989年在荷兰创建。Python被设计用于具有简单易读语法的高效编程,可以轻松地写出清晰的、逻辑性强的代码。Python语言的名字来源于作者的一个喜好,他喜欢BBC电视节目Monty Python's Flying Circus。初版的Python语言发布于1991年。
二、Python的免费性质
Python是一款自由、开放、免费的软件,以Python软件基金会的名义发布,并遵循Python软件基金会授权的开源协议。这意味着任何人都可以自由地复制、分发和修改Python的源代码。Python社区还可以向该基金会提供资源或服务以支持其发展。
三、Python的开源协议
Python使用的开源协议是PSF授权。在PSF授权下,任何人都可以自由地复制、分发、传递Python,还可以从中获得商业利益而无需向Python软件基金会支付费用。不过,在发布的衍生作品中,必须保留原始版权声明,以同时支持软件的开源性。
# Python的开源协议示例 # The Python Software Foundation License Version 2 # -------------------------------------------- # 1. This LICENSE AGREEMENT is between the Python Software Foundation # ("PSF"), and the Individual or Organization ("Licensee") accessing and # otherwise using Python 2.7.18rc1 software in source or binary form and its # associated documentation. # 2. Subject to the terms and conditions of this License Agreement, PSF hereby # grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, world-wide license to reproduce, # analyze, test, perform and/or display publicly, prepare derivative works, # distribute, and otherwise use Python 2.7.18rc1 alone or in any derivative # version, provided, however, that PSF's License Agreement and PSF's notice of # copyright, i.e., "Copyright © 2001-2013 Python Software Foundation; All Rights # Reserved" are retained in Python 2.7.18rc1 alone or in any derivative version # prepared by Licensee. # 3. In the event Licensee prepares a derivative work that is based on or # incorporates Python 2.7.18rc1 or any part thereof, and wants to make the # derivative work available to others as provided herein, then Licensee hereby # agrees to include in any such work a brief summary of the changes made to Python # 2.7.18rc1. # 4. PSF is making Python 2.7.18rc1 available to Licensee on an "AS IS" basis. # PSF MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. BY WAY OF EXAMPLE, # BUT NOT LIMITATION, PSF MAKES NO AND DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY OF # MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR THAT THE USE OF PYTHON # 2.7.18rc1 WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY THIRD PARTY RIGHTS. # 5. PSF SHALL NOT BE LIABLE TO LICENSEE OR ANY OTHER USERS OF PYTHON 2.7.18rc1 # FOR ANY INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSS AS A RESULT OF # MODIFYING, DISTRIBUTING, OR OTHERWISE USING PYTHON 2.7.18rc1, OR ANY DERIVATIVE # THEREOF, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. # 6. This License Agreement will automatically terminate upon a material breach of # its terms and conditions. # 7. Nothing in this License Agreement shall be deemed to create any relationship # of agency, partnership, or joint venture between PSF and Licensee. This License # Agreement does not grant permission to use PSF trademarks or trade name in a # trademark sense to endorse or promote products or services of Licensee, or any # third party. # 8. By copying, installing or otherwise using Python 2.7.18rc1, Licensee agrees # to be bound by the terms and conditions of this License Agreement.
四、Python的版本历史
Python的历史版本分别为1.x、2.x和3.x,其中2.x和3.x是主要版本。1.x版本是最初的Python版本,现已废弃。2.x版本和3.x版本都在现役中,然而它们在某些方面不兼容,所以应谨慎考虑选择哪个版本。
在2017年发布的Python 2.7.14是最后一个2.x版本。目前,Python 2.x仅提供有限的安全更新,仅限于确保支持代码的向后兼容性。
Python 3.x系列从2008年开始推出,其设计目的是优化2.x版本中存在的一些问题,并提供新的功能。Python 3.x不完全向后兼容Python 2.x,其中最大的变化是将print语句转换为print()函数。
五、Python受欢迎的原因
Python的简单性、可读性和易用性是它受欢迎的主要原因之一。Python的语法使得代码可以在极短的时间内写出,并且对初学者来说易于理解。
Python的生态系统很庞大,充满了各种库和框架,以满足实现不同任务的需要。许多学校教授概念性编程都使用Python。此外,Python应用广泛,用于机器学习、数据分析、网站开发等领域。
六、结论
Python是一种自由、开源、免费的软件,发扬Python的价值旨在于帮助开发人员轻松地构建优化的代码。
Python的先进性可以满足各种开发需求,尤其是在数据科学、网络和大数据领域。Python是解决各种编程问题的理想选择,也是适合初学者试图学习编程的语言。