一、OAuth2简介
OAuth2是目前比较流行的授权协议,该协议用于允许第三方应用访问用户在某个应用上存储的资源,而不需要将用户名和密码提供给第三方应用或者分享用户的资源。授权过程中需要用户授权预先定义的权限范围。
OAuth2授权协议有四种角色,分别是:资源所有者、资源服务器、客户端和授权服务器。其中,资源所有者指的是用户本人,资源服务器指的是存储着受保护资源的服务器,客户端是请求资源的应用程序,授权服务器则是认证用户并授予访问资源的服务器。
二、Spring Security OAuth2基础
1、Spring Security OAuth2实现授权的方式
Spring Security OAuth2提供了多种授权模式,包括授权码授权模式、密码授权模式、简化授权模式、客户端模式等。
2、Spring Security OAuth2结构
Spring Security OAuth2将OAuth2授权协议的四个角色抽象成四个模块,包括客户端、授权服务器、资源服务器和用户认证的API。其中,第三方应用通过客户端来请求授权服务器,授权服务器验证用户身份并返回访问令牌,然后第三方应用通过携带访问令牌请求资源服务器获取受保护资源。
Spring Security OAuth2结构包括以下几个核心组件:
- AuthorizationEndpoint:授权端点处理授权请求,用户通过授权端点认证自己并获取访问令牌。
- TokenEndpoint:令牌端点用于生成和返回访问令牌和刷新令牌。
- TokenServices:用于生成访问令牌。
- ClientDetailsService:管理客户端信息,包括客户端ID、密钥、授权范围等。
- UserDetailsService:管理用户信息,包括用户名、密码和角色等。
三、Spring Security OAuth2与JWT
1、JWT简介
JWT(JSON Web Token)是一种用于身份验证和授权的Web标准,通过对JSON数据进行签名和加密来实现安全的数据传输。Token是JWT最重要的概念,是一种轻量级的安全验证凭证,在多个系统之间可以传递用于身份验证。
2、Spring Security OAuth2结合JWT实现授权
Spring Security OAuth2默认使用基于Session-Stored Tokens的方式来管理令牌,但是在实际应用中,可以根据需要结合JWT来实现授权。
四、Spring Security OAuth2教程
1、基于授权码的认证流程
授权码授权模式是OAuth2中最常用的授权方式,具体步骤如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Mapmodel) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setSigningKey("suztomo"); return converter; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
2、基于密码的认证流程
密码授权模式是比较简单的一种授权方式,具体步骤如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Mapmodel) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Bean public JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter() { JwtAccessTokenConverter converter = new JwtAccessTokenConverter(); converter.setSigningKey("suztomo"); return converter; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()) .userDetailsService(userDetailsService); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
3、基于客户端的认证流程
客户端授权模式是一种常见的OAuth2授权方式,具体步骤如下:
@GetMapping("/login") public String loginPage(Mapmodel) { return "login"; } @Configuration @EnableAuthorizationServer public class AuthorizationServerConfig extends AuthorizationServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager; @Autowired private DataSource dataSource; @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.jdbc(dataSource); } @Override public void configure(AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) throws Exception { endpoints .authenticationManager(authenticationManager) .approvalStoreDisabled() .tokenGranter(tokenGranter(endpoints)) .accessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter()); } private TokenGranter tokenGranter(final AuthorizationServerEndpointsConfigurer endpoints) { List granters = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(endpoints.getTokenGranter())); granters.add(new ClientTokenGranter(endpoints.getTokenServices(), endpoints.getClientDetailsService(), endpoints.getOAuth2RequestFactory())); return new CompositeTokenGranter(granters); } @Bean public ClientDetailsService clientDetailsService() { JdbcClientDetailsService jdbcClientDetailsService = new JdbcClientDetailsService(dataSource); jdbcClientDetailsService.setPasswordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); return jdbcClientDetailsService; } @Override public void configure(ClientDetailsServiceConfigurer clients) throws Exception { clients.withClientDetails(clientDetailsService()); } } @Configuration @EnableResourceServer public class ResourceServerConfig extends ResourceServerConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private JwtAccessTokenConverter accessTokenConverter; @Override public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.authorizeRequests() .anyRequest().authenticated() .and() .csrf().disable() .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .exceptionHandling().authenticationEntryPoint(new Http403ForbiddenEntryPoint()); } @Override public void configure(ResourceServerSecurityConfigurer resources) throws Exception { resources.tokenServices(tokenServices()).resourceId("resourceServer"); } @Bean public ResourceServerTokenServices tokenServices() { RemoteTokenServices tokenServices = new RemoteTokenServices(); tokenServices.setCheckTokenEndpointUrl("http://localhost:9090/oauth/check_token"); tokenServices.setClientId("clientId"); tokenServices.setClientSecret("clientSecret"); tokenServices.setAccessTokenConverter(accessTokenConverter); return tokenServices; } }
五、总结
Spring Security OAuth2是目前比较流行的授权协议之一,能够帮助企业构建安全的互联网应用。通过授权端点、令牌端点、客户端和用户认证的API等模块,实现了OAuth2授权协议的四种角色。同时,Spring Security OAuth2还支持多种授权模式,包括授权码授权模式、密码授权模式、简化授权模式和客户端模式。