一、restconf概述

restconf是用于提供由网络配置协议（netconf）管理的设备支持的基于RESTful的网页应用程序的一种协议。restconf通过HTTP和HTTPS协议与开发人员和应用程序交互，以提供对设备的管理能力。与netconf协议不同，restconf使用基于HTTP的RESTful架构，而不是基于xml的编码架构，使得restconf相比于传统的API接口响应速度更快、更易于扩展和更容易与云计算服务集成。

二、restconf协议

restconf协议定义了用于获取、设置和管理设备配置信息的接口。这些接口通过HTTP和HTTPS协议进行通信，支持GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法，以及可选的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。 restconf还支持基于XML和JSON的内容类型，这使得开发人员可以灵活地使用不同的数据格式。restconf还提供了一套通用的模型，用于描述设备、应用程序和服务的结构。

三、restconf支持的http请求方法

restconf支持的HTTP请求方法包括GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法，以及可选的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。下面是每种方法的介绍：

1. GET

GET方法用于检索已经存在的资源的信息，例如获取设备配置信息。

GET /restconf/data/<module-name>?module=<module-name>

其中，<module-name> 是设备配置模块的名称，如interfaces、routing、system等。这个请求将返回与特定模块相关的当前配置。

2. POST

POST方法用于创建新资源或修改现有资源。例如，使用POST方法可以创建新的设备配置或更改现有的设备配置。

POST /restconf/data/<module-name>?module=<module-name>

其中，<module-name> 是设备配置模块的名称，如interfaces、routing、system等。POST请求的正文包含要创建或更新的设备配置的新数据。

3. PUT

PUT方法用于更新现有资源或创建新资源。PUT方法的语义与POST方法有些不同，PUT方法需要客户端提供完整的资源表示。

PUT /restconf/data/<module-name>?module=<module-name>

PUT请求的正文包含要创建或更新的设备配置的新数据。

4. PATCH

PATCH方法用于部分更新资源。PATCH方法允许客户端仅发送要更改的资源的那一部分。

PATCH /restconf/data/<module-name>?module=<module-name>

PATCH方法的正文包含要更改的设备配置的新数据。PATCH方法还支持merge和replace选项。merge选项仅更新指定的配置，而replace选项替换指定的配置。

5. DELETE

DELETE方法用于删除现有的资源。

DELETE /restconf/data/<module-name>?module=<module-name>

其中，<module-name> 是设备配置模块的名称，如interfaces、routing、system等。DELETE请求会删除与指定模块相关的配置。

四、netconf和restconf的区别

netconf是用于管理设备配置的网络协议，基于xml编码，使用SSH安全协议连接设备。netconf提供了强大的设备配置管理功能，但其响应速度较慢，不太适合云环境中需要快速响应的应用程序。 restconf使用基于HTTP的RESTful架构，速度更快、更易扩展、更容易与云服务集成。restconf支持基于XML和JSON的内容类型，这使得开发人员可以灵活地使用不同的数据格式，与netconf相比更具有灵活性。

五、示例代码

1. GET请求代码示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpGet.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    // 处理响应结果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

2. POST请求代码示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPost.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);
String requestBody = "<interfaces>\n" +
                     "   <interface>\n" +
                     "    <name>gigabitethernet1/0/1</name>\n" +
                     "    <enabled>true</enabled>\n" +
                     "   </interface>\n" +
                     "</interfaces>";
httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_CREATED) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    // 处理响应结果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

3. PUT请求代码示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url);
httpPut.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPut.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);
String requestBody = "<interfaces>\n" +
                     "   <interface>\n" +
                     "    <name>gigabitethernet1/0/1</name>\n" +
                     "    <enabled>true</enabled>\n" +
                     "   </interface>\n" +
                     "</interfaces>";
httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPut);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    // 处理响应结果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

4. PATCH请求代码示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpPatch httpPatch = new HttpPatch(url);
httpPatch.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpPatch.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);
String requestBody = "<interfaces>\n" +
                     "   <interface>\n" +
                     "    <name>gigabitethernet1/0/1</name>\n" +
                     "    <description>new description</description>\n" +
                     "   </interface>\n" +
                     "</interfaces>";
httpPatch.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody));
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPatch);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    // 处理响应结果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

5. DELETE请求代码示例

HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces";
HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url);
httpDelete.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml");
httpDelete.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken);
HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpDelete);
StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine();
if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
    HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
    String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
    EntityUtils.consume(entity);
    // 处理响应结果
} else {
    EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity());
    throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase());
}

restconf协议及其支持的http请求方法介绍