一、restconf概述
restconf是用于提供由网络配置协议(netconf)管理的设备支持的基于RESTful的网页应用程序的一种协议。restconf通过HTTP和HTTPS协议与开发人员和应用程序交互,以提供对设备的管理能力。
与netconf协议不同,restconf使用基于HTTP的RESTful架构,而不是基于xml的编码架构,使得restconf相比于传统的API接口响应速度更快、更易于扩展和更容易与云计算服务集成。
二、restconf协议
restconf协议定义了用于获取、设置和管理设备配置信息的接口。这些接口通过HTTP和HTTPS协议进行通信,支持GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法,以及可选的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。
restconf还支持基于XML和JSON的内容类型,这使得开发人员可以灵活地使用不同的数据格式。restconf还提供了一套通用的模型,用于描述设备、应用程序和服务的结构。
三、restconf支持的http请求方法
restconf支持的HTTP请求方法包括GET、POST、PUT、PATCH和DELETE方法,以及可选的HEAD和OPTIONS方法。下面是每种方法的介绍:
1. GET
GET方法用于检索已经存在的资源的信息,例如获取设备配置信息。
GET /restconf/data/?module=
其中,
2. POST
POST方法用于创建新资源或修改现有资源。例如,使用POST方法可以创建新的设备配置或更改现有的设备配置。
POST /restconf/data/?module=
其中,
3. PUT
PUT方法用于更新现有资源或创建新资源。PUT方法的语义与POST方法有些不同,PUT方法需要客户端提供完整的资源表示。
PUT /restconf/data/?module=
PUT请求的正文包含要创建或更新的设备配置的新数据。
4. PATCH
PATCH方法用于部分更新资源。PATCH方法允许客户端仅发送要更改的资源的那一部分。
PATCH /restconf/data/?module=
PATCH方法的正文包含要更改的设备配置的新数据。PATCH方法还支持merge和replace选项。merge选项仅更新指定的配置,而replace选项替换指定的配置。
5. DELETE
DELETE方法用于删除现有的资源。
DELETE /restconf/data/?module=
其中,
四、netconf和restconf的区别
netconf是用于管理设备配置的网络协议,基于xml编码,使用SSH安全协议连接设备。netconf提供了强大的设备配置管理功能,但其响应速度较慢,不太适合云环境中需要快速响应的应用程序。
restconf使用基于HTTP的RESTful架构,速度更快、更易扩展、更容易与云服务集成。restconf支持基于XML和JSON的内容类型,这使得开发人员可以灵活地使用不同的数据格式,与netconf相比更具有灵活性。
五、示例代码
1. GET请求代码示例
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces"; HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url); httpGet.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); httpGet.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpGet); StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); // 处理响应结果 } else { EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity()); throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase()); }
2. POST请求代码示例
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces"; HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url); httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); httpPost.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken); String requestBody = ""; httpPost.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody)); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPost); StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_CREATED) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); // 处理响应结果 } else { EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity()); throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase()); } gigabitethernet1/0/1 true
3. PUT请求代码示例
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces"; HttpPut httpPut = new HttpPut(url); httpPut.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); httpPut.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken); String requestBody = ""; httpPut.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody)); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPut); StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); // 处理响应结果 } else { EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity()); throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase()); } gigabitethernet1/0/1 true
4. PATCH请求代码示例
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces"; HttpPatch httpPatch = new HttpPatch(url); httpPatch.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); httpPatch.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken); String requestBody = ""; httpPatch.setEntity(new StringEntity(requestBody)); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpPatch); StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); // 处理响应结果 } else { EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity()); throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase()); } gigabitethernet1/0/1 new description
5. DELETE请求代码示例
HttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); String url = "http://example.com/restconf/data/interfaces?module=interfaces"; HttpDelete httpDelete = new HttpDelete(url); httpDelete.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/xml"); httpDelete.addHeader("Authorization", "Basic " + authToken); HttpResponse response = client.execute(httpDelete); StatusLine statusLine = response.getStatusLine(); if (statusLine.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) { HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); String responseString = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8"); EntityUtils.consume(entity); // 处理响应结果 } else { EntityUtils.consume(response.getEntity()); throw new IOException("Unexpected response status: " + statusLine.getStatusCode() + " " + statusLine.getReasonPhrase()); }