用Python编写Android应用界面的方法

更新：2023-05-14 00:56 随着Android手机用户的不断增加，Android应用的开发变得越来越受欢迎。不仅Java等编程语言能够开发Android应用，Python也有自己的一套方法来进行Android应用的开发。Python能够让开发者更加方便、快速地创建Android应用程序，下面就来详细介绍一下Python的Android应用界面编写方法。

一、PyQt5简介

PyQt是Python语言的GUI编程工具包，它是做为对Qt界面开发工具的Python-binding实现。PyQt5是PyQt的最新版本，支持Python3，支持Python常用的图形界面开发工具Qt5。因此，如果要开发Python编写的Android应用界面，推荐使用PyQt5。

二、制作Android应用程序界面的方法

1. 安装Python-for-Android以及PyQt5

首先，需要在Android手机上安装Python-for-Android、PyQt5以及QtforPython（也称为PySide2），这样才能确保Python 能够与Qt及其它库相互配合。可以通过下面的命令行来安装：

$ pip install PySide2
$ pip install PyQt5
$ pip install android

2. 编写Python代码

通过PyQt5，可以使用Python编写Android应用程序的界面。以下是一个简单的Python程序:

from PySide2.QtCore import *
from PySide2.QtGui import *
from PySide2.QtWidgets import *
class MyWidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setWindowTitle('Hello World')
        layout = QVBoxLayout(self)
        label = QLabel('Hello World', self)
        label.setAlignment(Qt.AlignCenter)
        layout.addWidget(label)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QApplication()
    widget = MyWidget()
    widget.show()
    app.exec_()

这个程序简单地创建了一个窗口和一个标签，在标签中显示“Hello World”文本。

3. 打包发布应用

使用buildozer打包PyQt5应用程序为Android应用程序，可以使用一个名为buildozer.spec文件中的一组指令。这个文件包括应用程序的所有来源和组件的配置。以下是buildozer.spec文件中必需的指令范例：

[app]
# (str) Title of your application
title = My Application
# (str) Package name
package.name = myapp
# (str) Package domain (needed for android/ios packaging)
package.domain = org.test
# (str) Source code where the main.py live
source.dir = .
# (list) List of source files to includes into the package
source.include_exts = py,png,jpg,kv,atlas
# (list) List of inclusions using pattern matching
#source.include_patterns = assets/*,images/*.png
# (list) List of exclusions using pattern matching
#source.exclude_patterns = tests/*,bin/*/*,.*/*,*/RCS/*
# (str) Application versioning (method 1)
# version = 0.1
# (str) Application versioning (method 2)
# version.regex = __version__ = ['"](.*)['"]
# version.filename = %(source.dir)s/main.py
# (list) Application requirements
# comma separated e.g. requirements = sqlite3,kivy
#requirements = kivy
# (str) Custom source folders for requirements
# Sets custom source for any requirements with recipes
# If it's one of our recipes, will set the recipe
#requirements.source.kivy = ../../kivy
# (list) Garden Requirements
#garden_requirements =
# (str) Presplash of the application
#presplash.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/presplash.png
# (str) Icon of the application
#icon.filename = %(source.dir)s/data/icon.png
# (str) Supported orientation (one of landscape, sensorLandscape, portrait or all)
orientation = portrait
# (bool) Indicate if the application should be fullscreen or not
fullscreen = 0
# (bool) Try to bypass Android permissions
android.permissions = INTERNET
# (str) Primary color of the application
android.primary_color = #50D1AA
# (str) Secondary color of the application
android.secondary_color = #50D1BB
# (str) Accent color of the application
#android.accent_color =
# (bool) Show or not the debug panel
#android.debug = False
# (list) Permissions
#android.permissions =
# (list) features (adds uses-feature -tags to manifest)
#android.features =
# (str) android logcat filters to use
#android.logcat_filters = *:S python:D
# (bool) Copy library instead of making a libpymodules.so
#android.copy_libs = 1
# (str) The Android arch to build for, choices: armeabi-v7a, arm64-v8a, x86, x86_64
# Defaults to armeabi-v7a for backwards compatibility.
android.arch = armeabi-v7a
# (str) Sequence of one or more ant commands to apply before packaging
#android.prebuild_cmd =
# (str) Path to a custom toolchain if defined. It must contain the following four files:
#    bin/arm-linux-androideabi-gcc
#    bin/arm-linux-androideabi-g++
#    include/python2.7/pyconfig.h
#    libs/armeabi-v7a/libpython2.7.so
#android.toolchain = /opt/android-toolchain-arm
# (str) Path to a custom NDK directory (if empty, it's assumed the NDK is in PATH)
#android.ndk_path =
# (list) Flags for the compiler
#android.custom_cflags =
# (list) Linker flags
#android.custom_ldflags =
# (list) Othe pyinstaller bootloader options (https://pythonhosted.org/PyInstaller/usage.html)
#p4a.bootloader.bootces = ces64
#p4a.bootloader.name = mybootloader
# (int) Number of workers to run the python for android build process
#android.numeric_version = 0
# (str) The version of the NDK to use
#android.ndk_version = 'r9c'
# (int) Which toolchain to use. Choices: 0 (default), 1 or 2
#android.toolchain_version = 0
# (str) If defined, set the ANDROIDSDK environment variable to the path
#android.sdk_path =
# (str) If defined, set the ANDROIDNDK environment variable to the path
#android.ndk_path = /usr/local/android-ndk-r9
# (str) If defined, set the ANDROIDAPI environment variable to the API level
android.api = 27
# (str) NDK extra options to specify
#android.ndk_options = "ndk-toolchain=clang"
# (str) The branch of sdl2 to use
#android.sdl2_branch = master
# (bool) If True, then no local python is built, and the native libs
# are copied from the host.
#android.copy_local_libs = False
# (list) Whitelist of packages to include from the Python build
#android.whitelist =
# (list) Blacklist of packages to ommit from the build
#android.blacklist =
# (list) List of Java .jar files to add to the build of the final .apk.
#android.add_jars = foo.jar,bar.jar,path/to/more.jar
# (list) List of Java folders to add to the build of the final .apk.
#android.add_java_dir = foo,bar,path/to/more
# (list) A list of Java classes to compile against, e.g. org.w3c.dom
#android.add_compile_exts = my_java_ext
# (str) Path to a custom prebuilt .so/.a to add to the libs/armeabi. Can be in tree or external.
#android.add_libs_armeabi = foo.so,bar.a,path/to/more
# (bool) Use –bootstrap to attempt to build the bootstrap dependencies
#android.bootstrap = sdl2
# (str) work around for alleged SDL2 bug on android
# see http://www.kivy.org/docs/helP/android.html#buildozer-spec
#android.setup_mode = False

三、总结

通过以上所述方法，我们可以快速的开发一个Python编写的Android应用程序，运用Python语言，加上强大的PyQt5工具包等，该方法能够在程序开发过程中大幅提升开发效率，同时还能让Python这门语言能够在Android应用开发中大展身手。