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探究CSS Box-sizing属性的作用

CSS的盒模型是指每个HTML元素都是一个矩形的盒子,它由四个部分组成:外边距、边框、内边距和内容。这四个部分紧密相连,共同给元素的形式和功能带来影响。而Box-sizing属性可以影响这个盒模型的计算方式,直接影响元素的布局。本文将从多个方面探究CSS Box-sizing属性的作用和用法。

一、Box-sizing的作用

默认的CSS盒模型计算方式是:width属性只包含内容,不包含padding和border属性。

然而当我们在设计时,希望元素的宽度或者高度是包含padding和border的,如图1:

    .box1 {
        width: 200px;
        padding: 20px;
        border: 5px solid black;
    }

在默认模式下.box1的实际宽度为240px(200+20+20),加上两边的5像素边框,总共实际宽度为250px。

但是当我们设置Box-sizing为border-box时,padding和border属性会被包含在元素的width之内,如图2:

    .box2 {
        width: 200px;
        padding: 20px;
        border: 5px solid black;
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }

此时.box2的实际宽度为200px,内容盒子的宽度为150px。

Box-sizing属性不仅可以作用于block-level元素,也可以作用于表格单元格td元素。

二、Box-sizing的用法

Box-sizing属性有两个可选值:content-box和border-box。

content-box是默认值,它的作用已经在上一节中介绍过了,即width属性只包含内容盒子,不包含padding和border属性。

border-box的特点是width属性包含padding和border属性。如下代码:

    * {
        box-sizing: border-box;
    }
    div {
        width: 200px;
        padding: 20px;
        border: 5px solid black;
    }

上述代码设置了通配符(*),表示所有元素的Box-sizing属性都为border-box。这就使得我们不用再为每个需要选用border-box的元素单独设置,从而使得代码更加简洁方便。并且所有元素看起来也更加一致。

三、Box-sizing的应用场景

1、响应式设计

响应式设计需要为不同大小的屏幕适配不同的布局。此时使用Box-sizing属性可以方便地计算每个组件所需的尺寸,使得布局更加美观。

2、布局设计

Box-sizing属性可以帮助我们更简单、更有效地进行布局设计,因为它可以保持元素宽度的一致性,而无需手动计算宽度。

3、图片和多媒体布局

Box-sizing属性也可以用于图片和多媒体布局,这些元素通常有不同的padding和border尺寸。在这种情况下,使用Box-sizing属性可以使布局计算更加简单易行。

四、总结

CSS Box-sizing属性的作用是影响盒模型的计算方式,常用于响应式设计和布局设计中。它有两个可选值:content-box和border-box,通过更改这个属性可以方便地计算每个组件所需的尺寸。当我们更好地掌握Box-sizing属性的用法和应用场景后,我们可以更方便地进行高效的布局设计。

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org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)