一、使用InetAddress获取IP地址
在Java中获取本地IP地址最简单的方式是使用InetAddress类。该类提供了一个静态方法getLocalHost(),当调用该方法时,会返回一个InetAddress实例,可以使用该实例的getHostAddress()方法获取IP地址。以下是示例代码:
import java.net.InetAddress; public class GetLocalIpAddress { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost(); String ipAddress = address.getHostAddress(); System.out.println("Local IP Address: " + ipAddress); } }
运行以上代码会输出类似如下内容:
Local IP Address: 192.168.1.101
二、使用NetworkInterface获取IP地址
另一种获取本地IP地址的方式是使用Java中的NetworkInterface类。该类提供了getNetworkInterfaces()方法来获取所有网络接口的列表,包括IP地址、子网掩码、网关等信息。以下是示例代码:
import java.net.InetAddress; import java.net.NetworkInterface; import java.util.Enumeration; public class GetLocalIpAddress { public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { EnumerationnetworkInterface = NetworkInterface.getNetworkInterfaces(); while (networkInterface.hasMoreElements()) { NetworkInterface ni = networkInterface.nextElement(); Enumeration inetAddresses = ni.getInetAddresses(); while (inetAddresses.hasMoreElements()) { InetAddress address = inetAddresses.nextElement(); System.out.println("IP Address: " + address.getHostAddress()); } } } }
运行以上代码会输出类似如下内容:
IP Address: 192.168.1.101
三、使用Servlet获取IP地址
在web应用程序中,可以通过HttpServletRequest对象获取客户端的IP地址。以下是示例代码:
import java.io.IOException; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; public class GetClientIpAddressServlet extends HttpServlet { private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L; @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { String ipAddress = request.getHeader("X-Forwarded-For"); if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = request.getHeader("Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = request.getHeader("WL-Proxy-Client-IP"); } if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = request.getHeader("HTTP_CLIENT_IP"); } if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = request.getHeader("HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"); } if (ipAddress == null || ipAddress.length() == 0 || "unknown".equalsIgnoreCase(ipAddress)) { ipAddress = request.getRemoteAddr(); } System.out.println("Client IP Address: " + ipAddress); } }
上述代码中使用了一些常用的HTTP头信息来获取客户端IP地址。运行以上代码可以在控制台输出客户端IP地址。
四、总结
上述三种方式均可以获取本地IP地址和客户端IP地址。其中,InetAddress方式简单易用,但只能获取本机IP地址,无法获取远程IP地址;NetworkInterface方式比较底层,可以获取本机所有接口的IP地址,包括局域网和广域网;Servlet方式只能获取客户端IP地址,但需要在web应用程序中使用。