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使用CSS中的绝对定位创建页面布局

一、什么是绝对定位?

在使用CSS来布局网页时,绝对定位是一种非常有用的工具。它允许我们将元素放置在页面上的特定位置,而不受其他元素的影响。它与相对定位相比,区别在于相对定位是相对于元素原本的位置进行定位,而绝对定位则是相对于包含元素进行定位。

二、如何使用绝对定位来创建页面布局?

1. 父元素的定位

在使用绝对定位来创建页面布局时,我们通常首先需要设置父元素的定位方式。比如,我们想要在一个div中创建一个正方形的容器,在其中放置一个标题,我们可以这样写:

div {
  position: relative;
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
}

.square {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

h1 {
  text-align: center;
}

上述代码中,我们首先设置了“.square”元素的定位方式为“绝对定位”,并使用了“top: 50%; left: 50%;”来将其放置在父元素的中心位置。同时,我们还使用了“transform: translate(-50%, -50%);”来将其水平和垂直方向各向左上偏移50%的距离,以达到居中的效果。而“h1”元素则使用了“text-align: center;”让其居中显示。

2. 元素之间的布局

使用绝对定位来创建页面布局时,我们也可以利用元素之间的相对关系来控制它们的位置。比如,我们想要在一个div中创建两个正方形的容器,左边的宽度为50%,右边的宽度为50%,并且处于同一行。我们可以这样写:

div {
  position: relative;
  width: 500px;
  height: 200px;
}

.left {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 0;
  width: 50%;
  height: 100px;
  transform: translate(0, -50%);
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.right {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 0;
  width: 50%;
  height: 100px;
  transform: translate(0, -50%);
  background-color: #ddd;
}

上述代码中,我们首先设置了“.left”和“.right”元素的高度为“100px”,并使用了“top: 50%;”和“transform: translate(0, -50%);”将它们居中。同时,我们还使用了“width: 50%;”和“left: 0;”以及“right: 0;”让它们分别处于父元素的左右两侧。通过这种方式,我们就可以轻松地控制它们的位置。

3. 多重定位

在使用绝对定位来创建页面布局时,我们也可以通过多重定位来控制元素的位置。比如,我们想要在一个div中创建两个正方形的容器,左边的宽度为50%,高度为100px,处于底部位置,右边的宽度为50%,高度为50px,处于中间位置。我们可以这样写:

div {
  position: relative;
  width: 500px;
  height: 200px;
}

.left {
  position: absolute;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  width: 50%;
  height: 100px;
  background-color: #ccc;
}

.right {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  right: 0;
  width: 50%;
  height: 50px;
  transform: translate(0, -50%);
  background-color: #ddd;
}

上述代码中,我们首先设置了“.left”元素的高度为“100px”,并使用了“bottom: 0;”将它放置在父元素的底部位置。同时,我们还使用了“width: 50%;”和“left: 0;”让它处于父元素左侧。而“.right”元素则使用了“top: 50%;”、“right: 0;”和“transform: translate(0, -50%);”将其放置在父元素的中间位置。通过这种方式,我们就可以轻松地控制它们的位置。

三、总结

在使用CSS中的绝对定位来创建页面布局时,我们需要充分利用元素之间的相对关系和多重定位方式,以达到预期的效果。同时,我们还需要注意父元素的定位方式、元素的尺寸以及背景颜色等方面的设置,以确保页面的整体美观和易读性。

使用CSS中的绝对定位创建页面布局

2023-05-12
when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${item.id} [in template "article/detail/index.ftl" at line 48, column 106] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at com.software.filter.HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.doFilter(HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)