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如何用CSS实现元素竖直居中

CSS可以实现元素的水平居中和垂直居中,但垂直居中相对于水平居中稍微有些麻烦。在本文中,我会从几个角度来阐述如何使用CSS实现元素竖直居中。

一、使用display:flex

CSS3中的flex布局非常方便,可以通过一些简单的设置轻松实现元素的竖直居中。通过设置包裹元素的display属性为flex,并且设置子元素的align-items属性为center,就可以实现子元素的竖直居中。
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="centered">我被居中了</div>
</div>

.wrapper {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  background: #f1f1f1;
}

.centered {
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 48px;
}

二、使用position和transform

另一种方式是使用position和transform属性来实现竖直居中。通过设置元素的position属性为absolute,并且设置top和left属性为50%,再使用transform:translate来将元素向上移动自身高度的一半,就可以实现元素的竖直居中。
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="centered">我被居中了</div>
</div>

.wrapper {
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  background: #f1f1f1;
}

.centered {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 48px;
}

三、使用display:table和display:table-cell

最后一种方式是使用display:table和display:table-cell属性来实现竖直居中。通过将包裹元素设置display:table,在内部元素设置display:table-cell和vertical-align:center,就可以实现元素的竖直居中。
<div class="wrapper">
  <div class="centered">我被居中了</div>
</div>

.wrapper {
  display: table;
  width: 100%;
  height: 200px;
  background: #f1f1f1;
}

.centered {
  display: table-cell;
  height: 100%;
  vertical-align: middle;
  text-align: center;
  font-size: 48px;
}
这三种方式都可以实现元素的竖直居中,具体使用哪一种方式可以根据不同情况进行选择。其中,flex布局是CSS3新特性,需要考虑兼容性问题;position和transform方式不需要使用额外的标签;display:table和display:table-cell的方式比较老旧。总的来说,使用flex布局是比较推荐的方式。 在实际的开发中,元素的竖直居中是非常常见的需求,掌握几种方法可以更轻松地完成工作。
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Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at com.software.filter.HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.doFilter(HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)