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如何在CSS中添加元素阴影效果?

一、使用box-shadow属性添加阴影

要在CSS中添加元素阴影效果,可以使用box-shadow属性。这个属性可以用来给元素添加一个或多个阴影。其语法如下:

box-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur spread color inset;

其中,h-shadow和v-shadow是必需的参数,用来定义阴影的横向和纵向偏移距离。blur用来定义模糊半径,spread用来定义阴影的扩散半径。color用来定义阴影的颜色。inset是可选的,用来指定是否为插入式阴影。

示例代码:

.shadow {
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

上面的代码将一个宽度为5px、高度为5px的阴影,模糊半径为10px,扩散半径为0px,颜色为半透明黑色的阴影添加到具有shadow类的元素上。

二、使用text-shadow属性添加文字阴影

如果想要给文字添加阴影效果,可以使用text-shadow属性。其用法和box-shadow类似,其语法如下:

text-shadow: h-shadow v-shadow blur color;

其中,h-shadow和v-shadow是必需的参数,用来定义阴影的横向和纵向偏移距离。blur用来定义模糊半径,color用来定义阴影的颜色。

示例代码:

.shadow-text {
  text-shadow: 2px 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

上面的代码将一个宽度为2px、高度为2px的阴影,模糊半径为2px,颜色为半透明黑色的阴影添加到具有shadow-text类的元素上。

三、使用伪元素添加阴影

除了使用box-shadow和text-shadow属性,还可以使用伪元素来添加阴影效果。具体做法是在元素的:before或:after伪元素上添加box-shadow属性。

示例代码:

.shadow-pseudo {
  position: relative;
}
.shadow-pseudo:before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  top: 10px;
  left: 10px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);
}

上面的代码将一个宽度为5px、高度为5px的阴影,模糊半径为10px,颜色为半透明黑色的阴影添加到具有shadow-pseudo类的元素的:before伪元素上。

四、多重阴影

如果要在一个元素上添加多个阴影,可以使用逗号分隔不同的阴影值,示例代码如下:

.multiple-shadows {
  box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5),
              -5px -5px 10px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
}

上面的代码将两个阴影添加到具有multiple-shadows类的元素上,一个黑色的阴影和一个白色的阴影。

五、总结

通过以上的示例代码,我们可以看到如何在CSS中添加元素阴影效果,包括使用box-shadow和text-shadow属性,使用伪元素添加阴影,以及如何添加多重阴影。这些技巧可以帮助我们更好地实现网站设计中的阴影效果,提高用户体验。

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when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${item.id} [in template "article/detail/index.ftl" at line 48, column 106] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at com.software.filter.HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.doFilter(HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)