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优化网页宽度增强用户体验

一、使用合适的宽度

对于网页而言,宽度的选择对用户体验有着至关重要的影响。如果网页宽度太窄,内容无法展示完全,用户需要通过滚动条查看,这会影响阅读体验,甚至会让用户放弃阅读。如果网页宽度超过用户屏幕的宽度,用户需要不断地左右移动页面,同样影响用户体验。因此,保持一个合适的宽度显得尤为重要。

那么如何选择合适的宽度呢?网页设计中,通常会采用960、1024等固定宽度,但这种方式不能很好地适应不同设备,对于移动设备来说,过于宽大的网页将不能完全呈现,影响用户体验。因此,推荐使用相对宽度,如使用百分比或rem等单位,可以更好地适应不同设备,增强用户体验。

/* 使用百分比 */
.container {
  width: 80%;  /* 相对于父元素计算宽度 */
}

/* 使用rem */
.container {
  width: 20rem;
  font-size: 16px;  /* 设置html的font-size为16px */
}

二、响应式布局

针对不同的设备,采用不同的布局方式,可以更好地适应屏幕,提高用户体验。响应式布局通过流式布局、媒体查询等方式,实现了在不同屏幕上的适配。例如,在移动设备上,我们可以采用单列布局,而在PC上则采用多列布局。

如下是一个响应式的三列布局示例:

.container {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: space-between;   /* 使三列均匀分配 */
}

.box {
  width: calc(33% - 10px);  /* 33%减去margin的宽度 */
  margin: 5px;
}

/* 媒体查询 */
@media screen and (max-width: 767px) {
  .box {
    width: 100%;
    margin: 5px 0;
  }
}

三、避免横向滚动条

在页面中尽量避免出现横向滚动条,因为横向滚动条会占用页面的宽度,影响用户体验。而出现横向滚动条的原因通常是因为页面中的某个元素宽度超出了父元素。

当页面中出现横向滚动条时,建议优先检查各个元素的宽度,是否出现溢出。我们可以通过设置所有元素的宽度总和不超过父元素宽度的方式,来避免横向滚动条带来的影响。

.container {
  white-space: nowrap;  /* 不换行 */
  overflow-x: auto;    /* 滑动条自动出现 */
}

.box {
  display: inline-block;
  white-space: normal;  /* 恢复换行 */
  width: 200px;
}

四、图片处理

图片是网页中常用的媒体元素,也是影响页面加载速度的重要因素。处理好图片可以优化用户体验。首先,我们应该尽量减小图片的大小,压缩图片可以通过图片压缩工具等方式实现,避免图片太大而导致长时间加载。然后,对于大图,我们可以采用懒加载的方式,当用户在页面中浏览到该图片时,再去进行加载。

如下是一个图片懒加载示例:


/* JS */
var imgList = document.querySelectorAll('.lazy');

for (var i = 0; i < imgList.length; i++) {
  if (imgList[i].getBoundingClientRect().top < window.innerHeight) {  /* 图片是否进入可视区域 */
    imgList[i].src = imgList[i].dataset.src;
  }
}

五、总结

综上所述,通过以上优化可以更好地适应不同设备,增强用户体验。而在实际使用时,可以根据实际情况进行选择,合理运用不同的优化方式。

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when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${item.id} [in template "article/detail/index.ftl" at line 48, column 106] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at 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org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)