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让你的网页炫起来:掌握3D CSS变换技巧

一、了解3D CSS变换

3D CSS变换是CSS3中的一种新功能,它允许我们在网页中创建三维效果,比如我们可以让一个元素在三维空间中旋转、平移、扭曲等。掌握3D CSS变换可以让我们的网页更生动、更直观,提供更好的用户体验。

二、应用3D CSS变换

1. 旋转

我们可以使用rotateX、rotateY和rotateZ属性来旋转元素,X、Y和Z分别代表元素绕X、Y和Z轴旋转。例如:

transform: rotateX(60deg);
transform: rotateY(60deg);
transform: rotateZ(60deg);

这里我们以rotateX为例,可以通过设置旋转的角度进行各种旋转效果。例如,下列代码实现了一个360度的立方体旋转效果:

.box {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background-color: #fff;
  transform-style: preserve-3d; 
  animation: rotate 5s infinite linear;
}
@keyframes rotate {
  0% {
    transform: rotateX(0deg) rotateY(0deg) rotateZ(0deg);
  }
  100% {
    transform: rotateX(360deg) rotateY(360deg) rotateZ(360deg);
  }
}

2. 平移

我们可以使用translateX、translateY和translateZ属性来平移元素,X、Y和Z分别代表元素在X、Y和Z轴的方向移动的距离。例如:

transform: translateX(50px);
transform: translateY(50px);
transform: translateZ(50px);

这里我们以translateX为例,可以通过设置移动的距离进行各种平移效果。例如,下列代码实现了一个X轴方向上的平移效果:

.box {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background-color: #fff;
  transform-style: preserve-3d; 
  animation: translateX 5s infinite linear;
}
@keyframes translateX {
  0% {
    transform: translateX(0);
  }
  100% {
    transform: translateX(200px);
  }
}

3. 缩放

我们可以使用scaleX、scaleY和scaleZ属性来缩放元素,X、Y和Z分别代表元素在X、Y和Z轴的方向上缩放的比例。例如:

transform: scaleX(2);
transform: scaleY(0.5);
transform: scaleZ(0.5);

这里我们以scaleX为例,可以通过设置缩放的比例进行各种缩放效果。例如,下列代码实现了一个从小到大的缩放效果:

.box {
  width: 200px;
  height: 200px;
  background-color: #fff;
  transform-style: preserve-3d; 
  animation: scale 5s infinite linear;
}
@keyframes scale {
  0% {
    transform: scaleX(0.5) scaleY(0.5);
  }
  100% {
    transform: scaleX(2) scaleY(2);
  }
}

三、小结

3D CSS变换为我们提供了一种更为丰富的展现网页效果的方式,通过合理应用可以让网页更具有交互性和视觉冲击力。除了以上介绍的旋转、平移和缩放,还有很多其他的3D效果,例如透视、翻转、变形等等,掌握这些技巧可以帮助我们打造更炫酷的网页。不过需要注意的是,过多的3D效果可能会降低网页性能和访问速度,所以在应用时需要谨慎处理。

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when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${item.id} [in template "article/detail/index.ftl" at line 48, column 106] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at com.software.filter.HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.doFilter(HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)