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UPPER CASE CSS:如何使用全大写字母的CSS编写风格一致的代码

一、为什么要使用全大写字母的CSS编写风格?

在团队协作中,风格一致的代码可以提高开发效率和可维护性。然而,在样式表中使用读者不熟悉的缩写和命名约定,会增加代码的阅读难度和不必要的歧义。

全大写字母的CSS编写风格强制统一了CSS命名的格式,使得代码更易于理解和阅读。此外,全大写还可以用于区分CSS命名中的不同单词,提高可读性和可维护性。

下面是一个使用全小写字母和混合大小写字母的CSS样式表:

body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
    color: #333;
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

h1 {
    font-size: 28px;
    color: #333;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
}

#nav ul li a {
    display: block;
    padding: 10px;
    margin: 0 10px;
    color: #999;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    #nav {
        float: right;
    }
}

可以看到,在这个样式表中,CSS命名的格式各异,包括全小写、混合大小写。这样的代码不仅难以阅读和理解,而且不利于维护。

下面是一个遵循全大写字母CSS编写风格的样式表:

BODY {
    MARGIN: 0;
    PADDING: 0;
    BACKGROUND-COLOR: #F5F5F5;
    COLOR: #333;
    FONT-SIZE: 16PX;
    LINE-HEIGHT: 1.5;
}

H1 {
    FONT-SIZE: 28PX;
    COLOR: #333;
    MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20PX;
}

#NAV UL LI A {
    DISPLAY: BLOCK;
    PADDING: 10PX;
    MARGIN: 0 10PX;
    COLOR: #999;
    TEXT-DECORATION: NONE;
    BORDER-BOTTOM: 2PX SOLID TRANSPARENT;
}

@media (MIN-WIDTH: 768PX) {
    #NAV {
        FLOAT: RIGHT;
    }
}

可以看到,在这个样式表中,所有的CSS命名都是全大写字母的格式,使得代码更加易读、易于理解,对于团队协作和维护都很有帮助。

二、如何使用全大写字母的CSS编写风格?

为了使用全大写字母的CSS编写风格,你需要遵循一些简单的规则:

  1. 所有的CSS命名都必须使用全大写字母。
  2. 多个单词之间使用连字符“-”进行分隔。
  3. 属性和值之间使用冒号“:”进行分隔。
  4. 不要在单词之间使用空格。
  5. 所有样式定义后面都要加上“;”。

下面是一个使用全大写字母的CSS样式表的示例:

BODY {
    BACKGROUND-COLOR: #F5F5F5;
    MARGIN: 0;
    PADDING: 0;
}

H1 {
    COLOR: #333;
    FONT-SIZE: 28PX;
    MARGIN-BOTTOM: 20PX;
}

#HEADER {
    BACKGROUND-COLOR: #333;
    COLOR: #FFF;
    PADDING: 10PX;
}

#NAV {
    BACKGROUND-COLOR: #EEE;
    BORDER-TOP: 1PX SOLID #CCC;
}

#NAV UL {
    LIST-STYLE-TYPE: NONE;
    MARGIN: 0;
    PADDING: 0;
}

#NAV LI {
    DISPLAY: INLINE-BLOCK;
}

#NAV UL LI A {
    COLOR: #333;
    DISPLAY: BLOCK;
    PADDING: 10PX;
    TEXT-DECORATION: NONE;
}

#MAIN {
    PADDING: 20PX;
}

#FOOTER {
    BACKGROUND-COLOR: #EEE;
    BORDER-TOP: 1PX SOLID #CCC;
    COLOR: #333;
    PADDING: 10PX;
}

三、全大写字母CSS编写风格的优势

全大写字母CSS编写风格有以下优势:

  1. 统一命名风格,提高代码的可读性、可维护性和可扩展性。
  2. 避免因缩写和命名约定造成的歧义。
  3. 提高代码的可移植性和跨浏览器兼容性。
  4. 减少代码的出错率,使得调试更加容易。
  5. 使得多人协作和代码审查更加容易。

四、结论

全大写字母CSS编写风格是一种有效的提高代码可读性和可维护性的方法。该编码风格强制统一了CSS命名风格,避免了缩写和命名约定造成的歧义,使得代码更易于阅读和理解,并且有助于团队协作和代码审查。

除了全大写字母的CSS编写风格之外,还有其他的一些编码规范,比如BEM(块、元素、修饰符)和CSS Modules等。无论选择哪种编码规范,都应该注重代码风格的一致性和可维护性。

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when-present<#else>when-missing. (These only cover the last step of the expression; to cover the whole expression, use parenthesis: (myOptionalVar.foo)!myDefault, (myOptionalVar.foo)?? ---- ---- FTL stack trace ("~" means nesting-related): - Failed at: ${item.id} [in template "article/detail/index.ftl" at line 48, column 106] ---- Java stack trace (for programmers): ---- freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: [... Exception message was already printed; see it above ...] at freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException.getInstance(InvalidReferenceException.java:134) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToTextualCommon(EvalUtil.java:481) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:401) at freemarker.core.EvalUtil.coerceModelToStringOrMarkup(EvalUtil.java:370) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.calculateInterpolatedStringOrMarkup(DollarVariable.java:104) at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:63) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:371) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executedNestedContentForCollOrSeqListing(IteratorBlock.java:321) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.executeNestedContent(IteratorBlock.java:271) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$IterationContext.accept(IteratorBlock.java:244) at freemarker.core.Environment.visitIteratorBlock(Environment.java:645) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.acceptWithResult(IteratorBlock.java:108) at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:94) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:335) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:341) at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:314) at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:383) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.processTemplate(FreeMarkerView.java:332) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.doRender(FreeMarkerView.java:266) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerView.renderMergedTemplateModel(FreeMarkerView.java:220) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractTemplateView.renderMergedOutputModel(AbstractTemplateView.java:181) at org.springframework.web.servlet.view.AbstractView.render(AbstractView.java:314) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.render(DispatcherServlet.java:1431) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.processDispatchResult(DispatcherServlet.java:1167) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:1106) at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:979) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:1014) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:903) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:564) at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:885) at jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:658) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:205) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at com.software.filter.HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.doFilter(HttpSpiderIdentifyFilter.java:51) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:100) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.FormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(FormContentFilter.java:93) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:201) at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:116) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:174) at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:149) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:167) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:90) at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:482) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:115) at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:93) at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:74) at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:340) at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:391) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:63) at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:896) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1744) at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:52) at java.base/java.lang.VirtualThread.run(VirtualThread.java:309)