一、EasyMock概述
为了测试一个系统或组件,往往需要对其依赖的组件进行模拟或者mock。这种模拟的方法叫做mocking,非常多的mock框架纷纷出现。EasyMock是一种流行的Java mocking框架,它通过生成固定的mock对象来帮助程序员测试代码在不同环境下的运行情况。EasyMock能够简化一些测试工作,提高测试代码的可读性和可维护性
二、EasyMock基本用法
在程序中集成EasyMock,需要先导入EasyMock相关的jar包。mock一个类的示例如下:
public class TestEasyMock { public static void test() { // 利用createMock()生成一个mock对象 List mockList = EasyMock.createMock(List.class); // 为mock对象设置预期的行为,此处的调用可以不用真实连接到List。后期程序调用此mock对象的时候,将会得到预期的返回值。 EasyMock.expect(mockList.get(0)).andReturn("hello"); // 激活mock对象 EasyMock.replay(mockList); // 断言以及期望的结果 Assert.assertEquals("hello", mockList.get(0)); // 对使用过的mock对象进行校验和清空,防止下一次使用不正常 EasyMock.verify(mockList); } }
三、从多个方面玩转EasyMock
1、EasyMock更改url
在测试开发中经常需要使用mock技术对后台的数据流进行模拟获取,进行业务的测试。这时有时候需要修改接口的访问url才能够进行数据获取,可以利用EasyMock对url进行更改。
public class TestEasyMock { public static void testEasyMockUrlChange() { String url = "https://www.baidu.com"; String expectedReturnValue = "mock html value"; HttpMethod method = HttpMethod.GET; EasyMock.expect(mockServer.expect(HttpRequest.request().withMethod(method).withPath(url))).andRespond(HttpResponse.response().withStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK).withBody(expectedReturnValue)); EasyMock.replay(mockServer); } }
2、EasyMock在线环境模拟post应答
对于一些需要模拟post的应答,利用EasyMock进行模拟的时候需要考虑一些特殊情况,比如接口需要在一个登录成功的环境中才允许post。可以在EasyMock在线环境中进行模拟。
public class TestEasyMock { public static void testEasyMockOnline() { PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod("https://www.baidu.com"); String expectedContent = "hello world"; EasyMock.expect(mockServer.post(HttpRequest.request().withPath("/post")).andRespond(HttpResponse.response().withStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK).withBody(expectedContent))); EasyMock.replay(mockServer); } }
3、EasyMock模拟post
在一些测试开发中需要利用mock对象进行接口的访问以及数据交互,EasyMock可以轻松实现这样的需求。
public class TestEasyMock { public static void testEasyMockPost() { HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpClient.getParams().setCookiePolicy("rfc2109"); httpClient.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0"); httpClient.getState().addCookies(mockCookies); String loginUrl = "http://localhost:8080/ajaxlogin.jsp"; PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(loginUrl); EasyMock.expect(mockHttpClient.executeMethod(postMethod)).andReturn(HttpStatus.SC_OK); EasyMock.replay(mockHttpClient); } }
4、EasyMock模拟post应答
在EasyMock中需要模拟接口返回的数据,在post应答方面需要设置响应的状态码以及返回内容
public class TestEasyMock { public static void testEasyMockPostReply() { HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient(); httpClient.getParams().setCookiePolicy("rfc2109"); httpClient.getParams().setParameter(HttpMethodParams.USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; rv:12.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/12.0"); httpClient.getState().addCookies(mockCookies); String url = "http://localhost:8080/ajaxpost.jsp"; PostMethod postMethod = new PostMethod(url); String expectedContent = "mock html value"; EasyMock.expect(mockServer.expect(HttpRequest.request().withMethod(HttpMethod.POST).withPath(url))).andRespond(HttpResponse.response().withStatusCode(HttpStatus.OK).withBody(expectedContent))); EasyMock.replay(mockServer); } }