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RabbitMQ五种消息模型详解

一、rabbitmq五种消息模型简介

RabbitMQ是一个开源的消息队列中间件,支持多种消息传输模式,如发布/订阅、路由、工作队列、RPC等。在消息传输过程中,RabbitMQ将消息存储在队列中并转发给接收方。

RabbitMQ的五种常用消息模型包括:简单队列模型、工作队列模型、发布/订阅模型、路由模型、主题模型。

二、rabbitmq五种消息模型应用场景

1、简单队列模型

应用场景:适用于只有一个消费者的场景,通常用于解耦和最终目标是将消息发布到集体中。

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
    string message = "hello rabbitmq";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
 
    channel.BasicPublish("", queueName, null, body);
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者 -->
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
    channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, false, consumer);

2、工作队列模型

应用场景:适用于多个消费者的场景,任务可以平均地在多个消费者之间分配执行。

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, true, false, false, null);
    string message = "hello workQueue";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
    var properties = channel.CreateBasicProperties();
    properties.Persistent = true;
    channel.BasicPublish("", queueName, properties, body);
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者1 -->
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
    channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, false, consumer);

发送1000条消息,使用两个消费者消费:

3、发布/订阅模型

应用场景:适用于多个消费者需要接收同一个消息的场景。

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Fanout);
    string message = "hello fanout";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
    channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, "", null, body);
 
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者1 -->
channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Fanout);
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, "");
 
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

启动两个消费者监听同一个队列:

4、路由模型

应用场景:适用于多个消费者根据不同的条件接收不同的消息。

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct);
    string message = "hello direct";
    var routingKey = "error";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
    channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, body);
 
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者1 -->
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
var routingKey = "error";
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
 
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

5、主题模型

应用场景:适用于多个消费者通过实现通配符功能接收指定消息。

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Topic);
    string message = "hello topic1";
    var routingKey = "usa.news";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
    channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, body);
 
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者1 -->
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
var routingKey = "usa.#";
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
 
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

三、rabbitmq五种消息模型常用

1、c#

RabbitMQ的C#客户端,使用简单方便。以下是使用C#发送消息和消费消息的代码示例:

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.QueueDeclare(queueName, false, false, false, null);
    string message = "hello rabbitmq";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
 
    channel.BasicPublish("", queueName, null, body);
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}
<!-- rabbitmq 消费者 -->
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
    channel.BasicAck(ea.DeliveryTag, false);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, false, consumer);

2、rabbitmq的五种消息模型

简单队列模型、工作队列模型、发布/订阅模型、路由模型、主题模型。

3、rabbitmq消息队列5种模式

简单队列模型、工作队列模型、发布/订阅模型、路由模型、主题模型。

4、rabbitmq消息队列原理

RabbitMQ采用AMQP协议实现,AMQP是Advanced Message Queuing Protocol的缩写,它是一个公开的、通用的、可编程的消息传递协议。它的目的是为面向消息的中间件设计一个标准的应用层传输协议,以便于不同的消息中间件系统可以相互操作。

RabbitMQ基于AMQP1.0协议、Erlang实现,提供了高可靠性、高扩展性、高可用性、高并发性和高性能的消息中间件功能。

5、rabbitmq的四种交换机模式

Direct、Topic、Fanout、Header。

例如,使用Direct交换机模式发送消息:

<!-- rabbitmq 生产者 -->
using (var connection = factory.CreateConnection())
using (var channel = connection.CreateModel())
{
    channel.ExchangeDeclare(exchangeName, ExchangeType.Direct);
    string message = "hello direct";
    var routingKey = "error";
    var body = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(message);
    channel.BasicPublish(exchangeName, routingKey, null, body);
 
    Console.WriteLine("Send Message:{0}", message);
}

使用Direct交换机模式消费消息:

<!-- rabbitmq 消费者 -->
var queueName = channel.QueueDeclare().QueueName;
var routingKey = "error";
channel.QueueBind(queueName, exchangeName, routingKey);
 
var consumer = new EventingBasicConsumer(channel);
consumer.Received += (model, ea) =>
{
    var body = ea.Body;
    var message = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(body);
    Console.WriteLine("Received message: {0}", message);
};
channel.BasicConsume(queueName, true, consumer);

四、rabbitmq使用场景

RabbitMQ可以应用于高并发、高可用、解耦系统的消息中间件。以下是RabbitMQ的常见应用场景:

1、任务异步处理:RabbitMQ能够异步处理任务,从而提升网站性能;

2、应用解耦:RabbitMQ可以用于应用系统间的解耦;

3、数据同步:RabbitMQ能够将数据同步到多个系统,保证数据的准确性;

4、消息通知:RabbitMQ可以作为消息通知的工具;

5、数据分析:RabbitMQ可以较好地应用于大数据分析的场景。

五、rabbitmq消息模型选取

在选择消息模型时,需要考虑以下因素:

1、消息的类型和特性;

2、消息的生命周期和传输效率;

3、消息的可靠性和幂等性。