一、代码技巧
在Java开发中,有些代码技巧可以帮助我们更高效地完成工作。
1、使用Lambda表达式简化代码
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Listnames = Arrays.asList("Tom", "Jerry", "Spike"); names.forEach(name -> System.out.println(name)); } }
2、使用Optional类处理空指针异常
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { String name = null; OptionaloptionalName = Optional.ofNullable(name); String realName = optionalName.orElse("unknown"); System.out.println(realName); } }
3、使用StringBuilder类构建字符串
public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); stringBuilder.append("Java"); stringBuilder.append(" is"); stringBuilder.append(" awesome!"); System.out.println(stringBuilder.toString()); } }
二、设计模式
在Java开发中,设计模式可以帮助我们更好地组织代码。
1、单例模式
单例模式确保一个类只有一个实例,并提供全局访问点。
public class Singleton { private static Singleton instance; private Singleton() {} public static Singleton getInstance() { if (instance == null) { instance = new Singleton(); } return instance; } }
2、工厂模式
工厂模式用于生产对象,而不需要直接调用构造函数。
public interface Shape { void draw(); } public class Circle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Circle::draw()"); } } public class Rectangle implements Shape { @Override public void draw() { System.out.println("Rectangle::draw()"); } } public class ShapeFactory { public static Shape getShape(String shapeType) { if (shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("CIRCLE")) { return new Circle(); } else if (shapeType.equalsIgnoreCase("RECTANGLE")) { return new Rectangle(); } return null; } }
3、观察者模式
观察者模式定义了对象间的一对多关系,使得当一个对象状态改变时,所有依赖于它的对象都会被通知并自动更新。
public interface Observer { void update(); } public class Subject { private Listobservers = new ArrayList<>(); private int state; public int getState() { return state; } public void setState(int state) { this.state = state; notifyAllObservers(); } public void attach(Observer observer) { observers.add(observer); } public void notifyAllObservers() { for (Observer observer : observers) { observer.update(); } } } public class BinaryObserver implements Observer { private Subject subject; public BinaryObserver(Subject subject) { this.subject = subject; this.subject.attach(this); } @Override public void update() { System.out.println("Binary String: " + Integer.toBinaryString(subject.getState())); } } public class OctalObserver implements Observer { private Subject subject; public OctalObserver(Subject subject) { this.subject = subject; this.subject.attach(this); } @Override public void update() { System.out.println("Octal String: " + Integer.toOctalString(subject.getState())); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Subject subject = new Subject(); new BinaryObserver(subject); new OctalObserver(subject); System.out.println("First state change: 15"); subject.setState(15); System.out.println("Second state change: 10"); subject.setState(10); } }
三、总结
Java编程开发技巧和设计模式在Java开发中非常重要。掌握这些知识可以使我们成为更优秀的Java开发者。