Redis是一个使用内存作为数据存储的开源、高性能、非关系型数据库系统。它可以被用作缓存、消息中间件、会话管理以及其他各种数据处理应用程序。在高并发、大访问量的情况下,使用Redis集群可以提高数据的可用性和性能。
一、概述
使用Kubernetes部署高可用Redis集群,需要以下几个步骤:
1. 配置Kubernetes环境
2. 部署Redis Master
3. 部署Redis Slave
4. 使用Redis Sentinel实现高可用
二、配置Kubernetes环境
在Kubernetes中使用Redis需要部署一个Redis集群的镜像,并创建配置文件和服务,这些操作需要在Kubernetes环境中执行。如果你已经拥有一个Kubernetes环境,可以直接跳到下一步。
以下是快速安装Kubernetes环境的步骤:
# 下载minikube curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 \ && chmod +x minikube && mv minikube /usr/local/bin/ # 启动minikube minikube start --vm-driver=virtualbox # 部署Kubernetes dashboard kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.2.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
三、部署Redis Master
在Kubernetes上部署Redis Master需要使用StatefulSet。以下是具体步骤:
1. 创建Redis Master服务配置文件(redis-master-service.yaml):
<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
<name> redis-master
<labels>:
<app> redis
<spec>:
<ports>:
- <port>: 6379
<targetPort>: redis
<selector>:
<app> redis
<role> master
<type>: ClusterIP
2. 创建Redis Master配置文件(redis-master-statefulset.yaml):
<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
<name> redis-master
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> master
<spec>:
<selector>:
<matchLabels>:
<app> redis
<role> master
<serviceName>: redis-master
<replicas>: 1
<template>:
<metadata>:
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> master
<spec>:
<containers>:
- <name> redis
<image>: redis
<ports>:
- <containerPort>: 6379
<name> redis
<args>:
- <redis-server>
- <--requirepass>
- <password>
- <--masterauth>
- <password>
- <--slave-read-only>
- <no>
- <--appendonly>
- <yes>
- <--save>
- <60 1>
<volumeMounts>:
- <name> data
<mountPath>: /data
<volumeClaimTemplates>:
- <metadata>:
<name> data
<spec>:
<accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
<resources>:
<requests>:
<storage>: 1Gi
3. 创建Redis Master服务和StatefulSet:
kubectl apply -f redis-master-service.yaml kubectl apply -f redis-master-statefulset.yaml
四、部署Redis Slave
在Kubernetes上部署Redis Slave也需要使用StatefulSet。以下是具体步骤:
1. 创建Redis Slave服务配置文件(redis-slave-service.yaml):
<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
<name> redis-slave
<labels>:
<app> redis
<spec>:
<ports>:
- <port>: 6379
<targetPort>: redis
<selector>:
<app> redis
<role> slave
<type>: ClusterIP
2. 创建Redis Slave配置文件(redis-slave-statefulset.yaml):
<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
<name> redis-slave
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> slave
<spec>:
<selector>:
<matchLabels>:
<app> redis
<role> slave
<serviceName>: redis-slave
<replicas>: 2
<template>:
<metadata>:
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> slave
<spec>:
<containers>:
- <name> redis
<image>: redis
<ports>:
- <containerPort>: 6379
<name> redis
<args>:
- <redis-server>
- <--requirepass>
- <password>
- <--masterauth>
- <password>
- <--slave-read-only>
- <yes>
<volumeMounts>:
- <name> data
<mountPath>: /data
<volumeClaimTemplates>:
- <metadata>:
<name> data
<spec>:
<accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
<resources>:
<requests>:
<storage>: 1Gi
3. 创建Redis Slave服务和StatefulSet:
kubectl apply -f redis-slave-service.yaml kubectl apply -f redis-slave-statefulset.yaml
五、使用Redis Sentinel实现高可用
实现Redis高可用需要使用Redis Sentinel。以下是实现过程:
1. 创建Redis Sentinel服务配置文件(redis-sentinel-service.yaml):
<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
<name> redis-sentinel
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> sentinel
<spec>:
<ports>:
- <port>: 26379
<targetPort>: sentinel
<selector>:
<app> redis
<role> sentinel
<type>: ClusterIP
2. 创建Redis Sentinel配置文件(redis-sentinel-statefulset.yaml):
<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
<name> redis-sentinel
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> sentinel
<spec>:
<selector>:
<matchLabels>:
<app> redis
<role> sentinel
<serviceName>: redis-sentinel
<replicas>: 3
<template>:
<metadata>:
<labels>:
<app> redis
<role> sentinel
<spec>:
<initContainers>:
- <name> wait-for-redis
<image>: busybox
<command>: [ "sh", "-c", "until nslookup redis-master && nslookup redis-slave-0 && nslookup redis-slave-1; do echo waiting for DNS; sleep 2; done;" ]
<containers>:
- <name> redis
<image>: redis
<ports>:
- <containerPort>: 26379
<name> sentinel
<args>:
- <redis-sentinel>
- <--sentinel>
- <down-after-milliseconds>
- <5000>
- <--parallel-syncs>
- <1>
- <--failover-timeout>
- <10000>
- <--port>
- <26379>
- <--sentinel>
- <announce-ip>
- <$(POD_IP)>
- <--sentinel>
- <sentinel announce-port>
- <26379>
- <--sentinel>
- <sentinel monitor>
- <mymaster>
- <redis-master>
- <6379>
- <2>
<env>:
- <name> POD_IP
<valueFrom>:
<fieldRef>:
<fieldPath>: status.podIP
<volumeMounts>:
- <name> data
<mountPath>: /data
<volumeClaimTemplates>:
- <metadata>:
<name> data
<spec>:
<accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
<resources>:
<requests>:
<storage>: 1Gi
3. 创建Redis Sentinel服务和StatefulSet:
kubectl apply -f redis-sentinel-service.yaml kubectl apply -f redis-sentinel-statefulset.yaml
通过以上步骤,我们已经成功部署了Redis集群,并实现了高可用。