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使用Kubernetes部署高可用Redis集群

Redis是一个使用内存作为数据存储的开源、高性能、非关系型数据库系统。它可以被用作缓存、消息中间件、会话管理以及其他各种数据处理应用程序。在高并发、大访问量的情况下,使用Redis集群可以提高数据的可用性和性能。

一、概述

使用Kubernetes部署高可用Redis集群,需要以下几个步骤:

1. 配置Kubernetes环境

2. 部署Redis Master

3. 部署Redis Slave

4. 使用Redis Sentinel实现高可用

二、配置Kubernetes环境

在Kubernetes中使用Redis需要部署一个Redis集群的镜像,并创建配置文件和服务,这些操作需要在Kubernetes环境中执行。如果你已经拥有一个Kubernetes环境,可以直接跳到下一步。

以下是快速安装Kubernetes环境的步骤:

# 下载minikube
curl -Lo minikube https://storage.googleapis.com/minikube/releases/latest/minikube-linux-amd64 \
  && chmod +x minikube && mv minikube /usr/local/bin/

# 启动minikube
minikube start --vm-driver=virtualbox

# 部署Kubernetes dashboard
kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.2.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

三、部署Redis Master

在Kubernetes上部署Redis Master需要使用StatefulSet。以下是具体步骤:

1. 创建Redis Master服务配置文件(redis-master-service.yaml):

<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-master
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
<spec>:
  <ports>:
  - <port>: 6379
    <targetPort>: redis
  <selector>:
    <app> redis
    <role> master
  <type>: ClusterIP

2. 创建Redis Master配置文件(redis-master-statefulset.yaml):

<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-master
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
    <role> master
<spec>:
  <selector>:
    <matchLabels>:
      <app> redis
      <role> master
  <serviceName>: redis-master
  <replicas>: 1
  <template>:
    <metadata>:
      <labels>:
        <app> redis
        <role> master
    <spec>:
      <containers>:
      - <name> redis
        <image>: redis
        <ports>:
        - <containerPort>: 6379
          <name> redis
        <args>:
        - <redis-server>
        - <--requirepass>
        - <password>
        - <--masterauth>
        - <password>
        - <--slave-read-only>
        - <no>
        - <--appendonly>
        - <yes>
        - <--save>
        - <60 1>
        <volumeMounts>:
        - <name> data
          <mountPath>: /data
  <volumeClaimTemplates>:
  - <metadata>:
      <name> data
    <spec>:
      <accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      <resources>:
        <requests>:
          <storage>: 1Gi

3. 创建Redis Master服务和StatefulSet:

kubectl apply -f redis-master-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f redis-master-statefulset.yaml

四、部署Redis Slave

在Kubernetes上部署Redis Slave也需要使用StatefulSet。以下是具体步骤:

1. 创建Redis Slave服务配置文件(redis-slave-service.yaml):

<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-slave
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
<spec>:
  <ports>:
  - <port>: 6379
    <targetPort>: redis
  <selector>:
    <app> redis
    <role> slave
  <type>: ClusterIP

2. 创建Redis Slave配置文件(redis-slave-statefulset.yaml):

<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-slave
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
    <role> slave
<spec>:
  <selector>:
    <matchLabels>:
      <app> redis
      <role> slave
  <serviceName>: redis-slave
  <replicas>: 2
  <template>:
    <metadata>:
      <labels>:
        <app> redis
        <role> slave
    <spec>:
      <containers>:
      - <name> redis
        <image>: redis
        <ports>:
        - <containerPort>: 6379
          <name> redis
        <args>:
        - <redis-server>
        - <--requirepass>
        - <password>
        - <--masterauth>
        - <password>
        - <--slave-read-only>
        - <yes>
        <volumeMounts>:
        - <name> data
          <mountPath>: /data
  <volumeClaimTemplates>:
  - <metadata>:
      <name> data
    <spec>:
      <accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      <resources>:
        <requests>:
          <storage>: 1Gi

3. 创建Redis Slave服务和StatefulSet:

kubectl apply -f redis-slave-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f redis-slave-statefulset.yaml

五、使用Redis Sentinel实现高可用

实现Redis高可用需要使用Redis Sentinel。以下是实现过程:

1. 创建Redis Sentinel服务配置文件(redis-sentinel-service.yaml):

<apiVersion>: v1
<kind>: Service
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-sentinel
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
    <role> sentinel
<spec>:
  <ports>:
  - <port>: 26379
    <targetPort>: sentinel
  <selector>:
    <app> redis
    <role> sentinel
  <type>: ClusterIP

2. 创建Redis Sentinel配置文件(redis-sentinel-statefulset.yaml):

<apiVersion>: apps/v1
<kind>: StatefulSet
<metadata>:
  <name> redis-sentinel
  <labels>:
    <app> redis
    <role> sentinel
<spec>:
  <selector>:
    <matchLabels>:
      <app> redis
      <role> sentinel
  <serviceName>: redis-sentinel
  <replicas>: 3
  <template>:
    <metadata>:
      <labels>:
        <app> redis
        <role> sentinel
    <spec>:
      <initContainers>:
      - <name> wait-for-redis
        <image>: busybox
        <command>: [ "sh", "-c", "until nslookup redis-master && nslookup redis-slave-0 && nslookup redis-slave-1; do echo waiting for DNS; sleep 2; done;" ]
      <containers>:
      - <name> redis
        <image>: redis
        <ports>:
        - <containerPort>: 26379
          <name> sentinel
        <args>:
        - <redis-sentinel>
        - <--sentinel>
        - <down-after-milliseconds>
        - <5000>
        - <--parallel-syncs>
        - <1>
        - <--failover-timeout>
        - <10000>
        - <--port>
        - <26379>
        - <--sentinel>
        - <announce-ip>
        - <$(POD_IP)>
        - <--sentinel>
        - <sentinel announce-port>
        - <26379>
        - <--sentinel>
        - <sentinel monitor>
        - <mymaster>
        - <redis-master>
        - <6379>
        - <2>
        <env>:
        - <name> POD_IP
          <valueFrom>:
            <fieldRef>:
              <fieldPath>: status.podIP
        <volumeMounts>:
        - <name> data
          <mountPath>: /data
  <volumeClaimTemplates>:
  - <metadata>:
      <name> data
    <spec>:
      <accessModes>: [ "ReadWriteOnce" ]
      <resources>:
        <requests>:
          <storage>: 1Gi

3. 创建Redis Sentinel服务和StatefulSet:

kubectl apply -f redis-sentinel-service.yaml
kubectl apply -f redis-sentinel-statefulset.yaml

通过以上步骤,我们已经成功部署了Redis集群,并实现了高可用。